Happiness - Part 2

Why another article on happiness? Because it is becoming a major force in psychology. It is the cover story for this month’s issue of Psychology Today. My article today will summarize some of the information in this 10-page story written by Carlin Flora and entitled, The Pursuit of Happiness. As Flora says on the opening page,

Caught up in a happiness frenzy for much of the past decade, Americans have remarkably little to show for it. Herein we highlight the research that illuminates a more satisfying way to well-being.

In a mere eight years, the number of books on happiness increased by 4000%. Even though the topic has been researched for more than 25 years, it has only become an official part of psychology in the last ten years. Once this research became public "experts" began to appear out of the woodwork. Much of what is available about happiness in books and on websites tends to be of the "quick fix" variety.

Often it tells you "what to do" instead of the "how to do it" of the psychological research. The science of happiness is interested in the details and methods that have proved to work better than placebo. It is how all science is done: use a control group, do the study more than once, and control as many outside variables as possible.

What is happiness about? This article tells us it "is not about smiling all the time. It’s not about eliminating bad moods." We make the distinction in The Worry Free Life between Big "H" and little "h." The distinction is important. Happiness (Big "H" variety) is like contentment, tranquility, or peace of mind. This is the happiness that psychology is interested in. Consensus on what is happiness is shared by many different people in many different fields: "neuroscientists, psychiatrists, behavioral economists, positive psychologists, and Buddhist monks."

The other type of happiness — the little "h" variety — is often equated with excitement, passion or pleasure. This type of happiness cannot be experienced alongside emotional discomfort. You either have one or the other. We often use little "h" to drive away discomfort. Discomfort can also drive away the little "h." In contrast, the Big "H" and discomfort can coexist. No matter how bad we feel, it is possible to have contentment exist underneath all the pain. As you can imagine, the little "h" is short-lived; the Big "H" can last a lifetime.

Ironically, happiness is never a goal but a side effect of engaging in behavior that moves us toward our goals. So many people think that happiness will be theirs when they get what they are going after. When they have achieved their goal, it dawns on them that they were happier while working towards and anticipating the goals. Is this why couples often reminisce about the early days of their relationship when they had no money and were struggling to define their life?

What about money? Does it bring happiness? Yes and no. It can bring enormous amounts of little "h" type happiness — and then it’s gone. It can have an effect on Big "H" if your life has been a struggle because the lack of money has interfered with being comfortable. After you have become comfortable more money has no effect.

You can increase your happiness quotient by what you do and what you think. Researchers have found that expressing your gratitude toward people can strongly increase you sense of happiness and well-being. Frequently engaging in acts of kindness, randomly or planned, has a positive impact on your happiness level. Being more happy is something you must do for yourself. Psychologist Sonya Lyubormirsky, a major researcher in positive psychology, tells us that "Becoming happier takes work, but it may be the most rewarding and fun work you'll ever do."

Your thought life can also have a dramatic impact on future happiness. Carefully replacing habitual negative thoughts and attitudes (our gift from cognitive-behavioral psychology) is one of the most effective techniques. Another technique is to learn to accept and not fight against healthy painful emotions. Even though you need to work at changing your unhealthy emotions such as depression and guilt, you want to use other techniques for managing healthy emotional pain like sadness and remorse. One of the most successful strategies is something called "mindfulness." Author Flora describes mindfulness as "a mental state of relaxed awareness of the present moment, marked by openness and curiosity toward your feelings rather than judgments of them."

Often we find the daily grind can shorten our perceptions of what life is all about. Sometimes it is helpful to look at the longer arcs of your life in order to realize that your life is more than the grinding routine. "Evaluate your well-being at the macro as well as the micro level to get the most accurate picture of your own happiness."

Finally, we know that part of living the happy life is to be yourself. Although this sounds simplistic it is difficult in a society where are continually being evaluated either directly or indirectly. Finding out who you are can be the beginning of happiness. At some point in the psychotherapy process my clients begin to discover their true self. It can be painful and scary, but an exhilarating step. This is often begun by uncovering one’s personal values and then learning to live out those values. This experience is not an "a-ha" moment but the beginning of a lifelong journey to a different place. The author of the Psychology Today piece puts it this way: "The state of happiness is not really a state at all. It's an ongoing personal experiment."

Happiness

Everyone wants it. It is the end of the line. When people are asked why they want more money, better relationships, or a more satisfying job, their response is often, "because it will make me happy." When anyone in any country is asked what they want out of life, the common answer is they their children to be happy. But, no one says they want to be happy so that it will get them something else. There's nothing after happiness.

Recently, science has begun to study happiness in spite of the many doubters who believed it could not be studied scientifically. Since 1981 the World Values Survey has conducted polls that measured happiness in 90% of the world's population. Although happiness increased in some countries, declined in others, stayed the same in one country, the overall increase in world happiness was 6.8 percent in the last seventeen years.

It appears there are three basic factors that contribute to increasing personal happiness. At the most basic level, individuals are happier when they live in a society where basic needs are met. In this situation, happiness increases when people have access to more medical care, clothing, shelter, food, and a longer life. However, once these basic levels are reached, more of the same does not result in increased happiness.

When these needs are satisfied, another level for attaining happiness is available: freedom. Freedom always implies social and religious tolerance. A society that promotes equality tends to increase the happiness of their citizens. Unfortunately, our brains have changed slowly over thousands of years and is still plagued by what some people call a "tribal mentality." This type of worldview promotes fear of anyone who is different from us and our immediate social group. Being accepting of people different than us can easily be threatening.

Only in recent times has the world at large believed that tolerating differences is a good thing. The research now bears this out. It is good because it advances well-being and happiness in people living in places where tolerance is accepted. People in tolerant societies are more happy than people living in tyrannical or intolerant societies.

Even freedom and tolerance have their limits for increasing happiness. Once these conditions are in place, happiness is to be found in what an individual does. Most happiness researchers agree that happiness is not a goal but a process of doing something meaningful with your life. To experience happiness at this third level, you need to find out who you are and what you can do that allows you to participate in something bigger than yourself.

In The Worry Free Life we learn about two types of happiness. One is short lived and only temporarily fulfilling; it then needs to be constantly renewed. The other kind of happiness is longer lasting and becomes a part of your being. The first is called the little h, the second is called the Big H. To obtain lasting happiness, you need to master three skills: healthy thinking, managing your emotions, engaging in meaningful and purposeful behavior.

Which of the following statements are true:
1. Happiness is a result of my biology. People are born with the ability to be happy.
2. It would surely be easier to be happy if life were different: better mate, more money, decent job.
3. Winning the lottery would make me happier in the long run.

You can read more about happiness at this link

If you would like to leave a comment, click on the comments link below

For an index of all blogs, go to Blog Index